What is the difference between static and dynamic power consumption in VLSI?

Static power consumption in VLSI is the power consumed when a circuit is idle, primarily due to leakage currents in the transistors. Dynamic power consumption occurs when the circuit is active and switching states, caused by the charging and discharging of capacitive loads. Dynamic power is dependent on the switching activity, the capacitance of the load, the supply voltage, and the clock frequency. Reducing either the switching activity, supply voltage, or capacitive load can help in reducing dynamic power consumption.